After Flood and Babel : Was There a PIE Unity?

1) Human population after Noah, racial and demographic pseudoproblems for creationism, 2) Have "Humans Interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans"?, 3) Sorry, Duursma, but all languages have the cases of Proto-Indoeuropean, there is no primitive language ... (which is on Φιλολoγικά/Philologica blog), 4) After Flood and Babel : Was There a PIE Unity?, 5) Chiara Bozzone on Caland System - Short Review, Trubetskoyan Comment (which is again on Φιλολoγικά/Philologica blog)

PIE = Proto-Indo-European = ancestral language from which ALL Indo-European languages are daughter languages, like Romance languages are from Latin.

Once again, polemics against the Proto-Indo-European "orthodoxy" on CMI, starting by a somewhat more complete version of the table in Towering Change by Carl Wieland.

Languages:
German	Danish	English	Latin	Spanish
Hungarian	Russian	Mn Gk	Italian	French
Hungarian will often be the odd one out. Therefore it is in bold where others are normal, and here above normal, while others are in bold.
Numerals
I
Ein	En	One	Unus	Uno
Eggy	Odyin	Ena	Uno	Un
Does the Russian combine the IE and the Hungarian form (ggy = dy)?
II
Zwei	To	Two	Duo	Dos
Kettö	Dva	Dhyo	Due	Deux
III
Drei	Tre	Three	Tres	Tres
Három	Tri	Tris	Tre	Trois
IV
Vier	Fire	Four	Quattuor	Cuatro
Négy	Chyetirye	Tessera	Quattro	Quatre
V
Fünf	Fem	Five	Quinque	Cinco
Öt	Pyat	Pente	Cinque	Cinq
Family members
1
Mutter	Mor	Mother	Mater	Madre
Anya	Mat’	Metera	Madre	Mère
2
Vater	Fa(de)r	Father	Pater	Padre
Apa, Atya	Otyetz	Pateras	Padre	Père
Note that one of the Hungarian words = Russian (which adds an ending to it). If the Russian were akin to Pater word, I have not yet seen an explanation as to how. Also, Atya in Hungarian and Ata in Turkish are the same word as Gothic Atta (in Gothic Fadar means basically daddy, it is used to translate "abba" in a certain Biblical context).
3
Sohn	Son	Son	Filius	Hijo
Fiam	Syn	Iyos	Figlio	Fils
Hungarian and Latin, odd ones out (in Latin I here will include Romance, except when explicitly contrasting them).
4
Tochter	Datter	Daughter	Filia	Hija
Lánya	Dot'	Thighatera	Figlia	Fille
Hungarian and Latin, odd ones out
5
Bruder	Bro(de)r	Brother	Frater	Hermano
Testvér	Brat'	Adhelfos	Fratello	Frère
Hungarian, Greek, Spanish, three odd ones out
6
Schwester	Syster	Sister	Soror	Hermana
Nővére	Syostr	Adhelfi	Sorella	Sœur
Hungarian, Greek, Spanish, three odd ones out To be honest, both for "filius/filia" gloss, and for the glosses "adelphos/adelphé" and "hermano/hermana" there are Indo-European etymologies, meaning the current explanation among linguists is that IE words originally used were disused and replaced by IE derivatives or compounds from other concepts.
Pronouns Personal
i a
Ich	Jeg	I	Ego	Yo
Én	Ya	Egho	Io	Je
i b
Mich	Mig	Me	Me	Me
Én	Menya	Me/Mou	Mi	Me
ij a
Du	Du	Thou	Tu	Tu
Te	Tî	Si	Tu	Tu
Russian "î" = Roumanian î, Polish y
ij b
Dich	Deg	Thee	Te	Te
Ön	Tebya	Sou	Ti	Te
iij a
Wir	Vi	We	Nos	Nosotros
Mi	Mî	Emís	Noi	Nous
Russian "î" = Roumanian î, Polish y
Germanic, Russo-Greek-Hungarian (!), Latin
iij b
Uns	Oss	Us	Nos	Nos
Nekünk	Nas	Mas	Ci	Nous
Germanic (=) Russo-Latin, Greek
iu a
Ihr	I	Ye	Vos	Vosotros
Neki	Vî	Esís	Voi	Vous
Russian "î" = Roumanian î, Polish y
Germanic, Russo-Latin, Greek
iu b
Euch	Je(de)r	You	Vos	Os
Ön	Vas	Sas	Vi	Vous
Germanic, Russo-Latin, Greek
House and City
A
Haus	Hus	House	Domus	Casa
Ház	Dom	Spiti	Casa	Maison
Germanico-Hungarian, Russo-Latin, Italo-Spanish, Greek, French
B
Stadt	By	City	Civitas/Urbs	Ciudad
Város	Gorod	Poli	Città	Cité/Ville
German, Danish, Hungarian, Russian, Greek, Anglo-Latin, Latin, French
In this case we know the most common word is not original PIE for concept, but a derivative for the Latin word for citizen.
Animals
a
Hund	Hund	Dog	Canis	Perro
Kutya	Sobaka	Skilos	Cane	Chien
Germano-Latin, English, Spanish, Hungarian, Russian, Greek
b
Kater/Katze	Kat	Cat	Feles	Gato
Macska	Koshka	Gata	Gatto	Chat
Germano-Romance-Greek-Russian, Latin, Hungarian
Another case where the common word is probably not the original one.
c
Löwe	Løve	Lion	Leo	León
Oroszlán	Lyev	Leontari	Leone	Lion
d
Affe	Abe	Monkey/Ape	Simius	Mono
Majom	Obiez’yana	Maimouda	Scimmia	Singe
Germanic, Latin, English, Spanish, Hungaro-Greek (probably Turkish?), Russian
e
Bär	Bjørn	Bear	Ursus	Oso
Medve	Myedvyed’	Arkoudha	Orso	Ours
Greco-Latin, Russo-Hungarian (probably Slavic), Germanic
f
Pferd	Hest	Horse	Equus	Caballo
Ló	Loshad’	Alogo	Cavallo	Cheval
Romance, German, Danish, English, Latin, Russo-Hungarian (probably Tatar), Greek Note that Russian is the only Slavic language which has this word. Polish, Bielorussian and Ukrainean all have Kon'. A Slavic, but not obviously PIE word. (Yes, Croatian and Bulgarian also use the same word as Polish).
g
Kuh	Ko	Cow	Vacca	Vaca
Tehén	Korova	Vodi	Vacca	Vache
Germano-Latino-Greek, Hungarian, Russian
h
Vogel	Fugl	Foul/Bird	Avis	Pájaro
Madár	Ptitsa	Pouli	Uccello	Oiseau
Germano-Greek (plus other Greek word, possibly akin to Russian), Latin, Spanish, Hungarian, Russian
i
Fisch	Fisk	Fish	Piscis	Pez
Hal	Rîba	Psari/Ikhtís	Pesce	Poisson
Russian "î" = Roumanian î, Polish y
"IE", Hungarian, Russian, Greek, Greek
k
Schlange	Slange	Snake/Serpent	Serpens	Serpiente
Kigyó	Zmyeya	Fidhi	Serpente	Serpent
German (from whence Danish), English (with Swedish "snok" of other meaning), English with Latin, Hungarian, Russian, Greek
l
Spinne	Edderkop	Spider	Aranea	Araña
Pók	Pauk	Arakhni	Ragno	Araignée
Germanic, Greco-Latin, Danish, Russo-Hungarian
m
Skorpion	Skorpion	Scorpion	Scorpio	Escorpión
Skorpió	Skorpion	Skorpiós	Scorpione	Scorpion
"IE"+Hungarian? Actually Greco-Latin, borrowed into the non-Greek and non-Romance languages.

Now, no one is opposed to accepting that Scorpion was not an originally IE word. Why should "one" necessarily be from a mother language rather than loaned?

Now, you may reply, pronouns and numerals are among the least loanable words. Not necessarily so, if the language borrowings are very intelligent.

You see, in a far past, when languages were far more fragmented than now, but closer to the Flood, closer to the wisdom of Noah, very probably one realised, soon after Babel, that useful vocabulary in nouns and even verbs could be learnt very easily even between strangers - you point to a scorpion, one says "scorpion" and another says "nge" (swahili for scorpion) "dabaqallooc" (somali for scorpion) and you know what scorpion is in the other language - whereas pronouns and relatives and numerals are things you could too easily make a mistake about and one would try to construct a common vocabulary for those (extending to common verb conjugations, whereof the personal endings are largely common to Finnish as well, while preterite formations are not, and a common set of case endings. Function in phrase being also one of the categories where mistakes are easy.

This, and the fact that Indo-European languages are talked by peoples descending from different grandsons and greatgrandsons of Noah and therefore starting out with different languages after Babel makes at least the Proto-Indo-European Theory of Indo-European "by-and-large-unity" a clearly doubtful theory and mutual borrowings a clearly worthwhile pursuit of study.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Nanterre UL
St Virgil of Salzburg
27-XI-2015